Climate of India
The climate of India is "monsoon" type which is found mainly in South-Asia and South-East Asia. The word "monsoon" is gotten from the Arabic word "MAUSIM" which means seasons. Initially, "mansoon" was utilized by Middle Easterner pilots a few centuries ago, to describe a system of seasonal reversals of winds along the shores of the Indian Oceans, especially over the Arabian Sea, in which the winds blow from south-west to north-east during the summer season and from north-east to south-west during the winter season. In other words, monsoons are periodic (seasonal) winds in which there is a complete reversal of the wind direction after every six months.
What is weather
Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point time while, it changes quickly.
What is climate
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than 30 years).
The climate of India comprises of a large number of weather patterns (conditions) across an immense topography. In view of the Koppen system, India has six major climatic sub types, ranging from arid deserts in the west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and humid tropical regions supporting rain forests in the southwest and the island territories. . Numerous areas have unmistakably unique microclimates, making it one of the most climatically assorted country in the world. The country's meteorological department observes the worldwide guideline of four seasons for certain nearby changes: Winter (December to February), Summer (March to May), monsoon (rainy) season (June to September), and a post-monsoon period (October and November).
Climatic zones
The region between tropic of capricorn and tropic of cancer is known as tropical zone, and the region between 5° above the tropic of cancer and 5° below the tropic of cancer is known as sub tropical zone, so according to the above shown map India lies in sub tropical zone.
Factors affacting climate of India
The factors influencing the climate of India are pressure and Wind system, altitude, Alleviation Elements, latitude, Sea Currents, and Distance from the Ocean. So there are a sum of six factors that influence the climate of India.
The factors that control the temperature change in the climate of India
Latitude:
Since the world is a sphere, not all spots get a similar amount of sunlight. As we move from the equator to the shafts (poles), the temperature decreases.
Altitude:
As we move higher over the surface of earth, the temperature decreases.
Pressure and wind system:
The altitude and latitude of every area influence the pressure and wind system there. Thus, it influences the temperature appropriately.
Distance from ocean:
Because of the separation from the ocean, coastal regions are cooler than inland regions. Outrageous atmospheric conditions are more predominant and their impact lessens as the separation from the sea increases.
Ocean Currents:
The temperature of an area will be brought down by chilly ocean currents passing over it while its temperature will be raised by warmer currents.
Relief features:
The boundaries that prevent the country from streams into the country are known as relief facilities. Cold or warm breezes are blocked by the high mountains
El-Nino, La Nina , ENSO
El-Nino: badly affects the monsoon rainfalls. However, it is good for cyclogenesis in the Arabian sea. El-Nino also result in droughts during the season in which they occur
La Nina: is good for the cyclogenesis process in the Bay of Bengal and suppresses the process in Arbaian sea. Floods are common during the time La-Nina ocurrs.
ENSO: El-Nino Southern Oscillation means changes in temperature in central and pacific region oceans. Climatic conditions as a result of the ENSO effect are similar to the El-Nino effect.
Conclusion
India mostly has the climate of a tropical country. India’s northern part is situated in the temperate belt. The northern states of India have slightly higher temperatures than other same altitude areas during the winters season. On the other hand, during the summer season due to the sun’s position the region experiences a dry climate like that of the equatorial regions. India has the climate of Tropical monsoon due to its peculiar position in the Asian continent and the Indian Ocean. The Indian subcontinent has hot summers and moderately cold winters. In the Himalayas, winters are extremely cold while summers are moderately hot.