The Constitution of India (Bharatiya Saṃvidhana) is the highest law of India. The document lays down the agenda that defines fundamental political system, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.

    It conveys constitutional power since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament cannot override the constitution.

    It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950. The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers annulled previous acts of the British parliament in Article 395. India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.

    The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and events to promote fraternity. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble by 42nd amendment act in 1976 during the Emergency.

     Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian constitution to Constituent Assembly president Rajendra Prasad on 25 November 1949. In 1928, the All-Parties Session assembled a committee in Lucknow to prepare the Constitution of India, which was known as the Nehru Report.  

    Most of the colonial India was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, the same legislation continued to be implemented as India was a territory of Britain for these three years, as each princely state was convened by Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon to sign the terms of assimilation with India, and the British government continued to be responsible for the external security of the country. Thus, the constitution of India abolished the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ended to be a territory of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950.

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